Análise dos incidentes transfusionais imediatos notificados em hospistais de ensino de 0João Pessoa

Abstract

Transfusions of blood components are usually an effective means of temporarily cor-recting red blood cell, platelet, or coagulation factors. In some clinical situations, transfusion may represent the only way to save a life, or to rapidly improve a serious illness. The transfusion process, even in contexts of accurate indication and correct administration, involves health risk with the potential occurrence of transfusion inci-dents. The only fully safe transfusion practice is one that is not performed. Transfu-sion reactions may be defined as adverse events occurring during or after blood transfusion, which may range from mild to severe. Haemovigilance, therefore, de-pends on a continuous and standardized process of collecting, analyzing data and disseminating the results, thus allowing us to calculate the frequency of the incidents, determine their causes and prevent their occurrence in the recipient individuals. However, statistics that express the reality of these transfusion complications in Bra-zil are still scarcely available. In this context, the study aimed to analyze the immedi-ate transfusion incidents of the patients attended at the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), by means of a cross - sectional, retrospective documentary study with a quantitative approach performed through the collection of data from reports of transfusion incidents during the period from January 2014 to December 2016. To ob-tain the data, an instrument was constructed based on data from the FIT, consisting of information on socio-demographic and clinical aspects of the recipients, and data related to blood transfusion. Of a total of 7,851 transfused blood components in the study period, 24 triggered a transfusion reaction, constituting a prevalence of 0.30%. Patients with transfusion reactions were mostly in the age group of 20 to 60 years old, 62.50% female and with a history of previous transfusion. The main indication for use of the blood components was anemia and thrombocytopenia. The profile found was immediate events of allergic type (62.50%) and febrile nonhemolytic (29.17%). Evaluating the incidents reported, the majority were caused by packed red blood cells (62.50%). The most frequent signs and symptoms were urticaria (15.87%), fol-lowed by fever and chills (14.29%). The medical clinic was the most involved in the reported reactions. Applying Pearson's chi-square test, it was possible to identify that there was no association between the types of transfusion incidents that occurred and the type of blood transfusion transfused (p = 0.584). Compared to other studies performed in university hospitals, it was observed that there is an underreporting in relation to the number of transfusions performed. The incidence of reports of immedi-ate transfusion incidents during the period was considered low. The study allowed a better evaluation and understanding of the incidents that occurred, providing a basis for the improvement of the hemotherapy service and establishment of preventive measures. Keywords: Hemovigilance; Transfusion incidents; Blood transfusion.