Uso de substratos pós-cultivo de cogumelos na solubilização de nutrientes de pó de rocha aplicado em argissolo bruno-acinzentado

Abstract

The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a potential soil conditioner because is a lignocellulosic waste that has been biologically degraded. On the other hand, the rock powder is a by-product is an alternative and cheaper source from mining companies in addition to providing nutrients that are essential for agricultural crops. The use of these by-products in agriculture is a way to minimize the disposal of these wastes into the environment. The simultaneous use of spent mushroom substrate with rock powder can accelerate the solubilization of nutrients contained in rock powder in the soil, as fungi release organic acids in the microbial growth process, consequently favoring biological weathering. In this context, the objectives of the present study were, I) to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of SMS on chemical attributes and soil fertility; II) to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of SMS on the biological weathering of rock powder. The research was divided into 3 stages: 1. General bibliographic review of the theoretical and scientific bases in relation to the application of SMS in the soil and the use of rock powder as an agricultural fertilizer; 2. Effect of incorporation of SMS when applied in Acrisol; and 3. Use of SMS in the biological weathering of rock powder applied in Acrisol. A completely randomized experimental design with 4×2×2 + 1 factorial arrangement was used. From the observed results, it is concluded that: in the first study, the incorporation of substrates in natura and spent mushroom substrate promoted a significant increase in the magnesium content, as well as descriptively reduced the active and potential acidity and the saturation by aluminum. In the second study, the incorporation of agronomic residues together with rock dust promotes an increase in ΔpH (favoring the capture of exchangeable cations), soil organic matter (promoting the release of nutrients) and saturation by exchangeable bases. In this sense, the use of these by-products in agriculture can generate savings because they are cheaper sources compared to conventional fertilizers.