Implantação de dispositivos de baixo impacto no projeto de readequação do estacionamento do CT/UFPB: manejo sustentável de águas pluviais e viabilidade econômica

Abstract

The rapid urbanization and population growth pose significant challenges for sustainable city planning. Conventional stormwater drainage systems prioritize the rapid removal of water, often resulting in intense runoff volume, leading to urban flooding and damage. To mitigate these issues, the approach of sustainable drainage has emerged, combining various source control techniques to restore pre-existing natural characteristics before urbanization. One of these techniques is Low Impact Development (LID), which advocates for integrating stormwater control devices into the urban environment. This study aims to assess different low impact scenarios by employing the combined application of three types of source control techniques (infiltration trenches, rain gardens, and permeable pavements). The experiment was conducted in the parking lot of the Federal University of Paraíba's Technology Center – Campus I, using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software. Within the scope of the study, sub-basins were identified, and scenarios were developed for the implementation of source control techniques. Projected rainfall, LID structures, and associated implementation costs were determined. These data were inputted into SWMM, and simulation results were analyzed in terms of runoff volume and flow rate. Subsequently, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted for each proposed scenario. The simulated scenarios with the implementation of devices demonstrated reductions in peak flow and volume, with effectiveness varying according to the total area of designed LIDs. For volume, a maximum reduction of 79.90% was achieved, while for flow rate, a maximum reduction of 74.54% was attained. Additionally, implementation costs were quantified, showing that the investment for volume reduction was more advantageous than for flow rate reduction, totaling an average of R$2,000.00/m³ reduced compared to R$5,000.00/L/s reduced. Thus, the use of LIDs is crucial for controlling runoff in the drainage system, with each project needing to be adapted to specific flow rate or volume control requirements.