Monitoramento do nível do Açude São Gonçalo por meio do uso do Google Earth Engine

Abstract

Water is a fundamental element for life and human development, and is used for various purposes, such as human consumption, irrigation, animal feeding, and transportation. With the increase in the population residing in urban centers, water consumption has grown significantly, demanding a better management of this natural resource. Given this context, dams play a fundamental role in maintaining the progress of society, because they allow the storage and systematic release of water, facilitating the control, storage and distribution of this resource. However, the construction of dams can have negative impacts on the environment, such as the risk of breakage and consequent environmental and social damage, requiring the prior assessment of these risks and the adoption of measures to minimize these adverse effects, as well as the constant monitoring of their levels and proper management of water resources. Currently, there are different measurement methods available, linimetric rulers, pressure gauges, chemicals, remote sensing. However, monitoring still faces challenges, such as the need for daily manual readings and the lack of accessibility in some areas. The use of remote sensing, through satellite imagery, emerges as a complementary solution, allowing wide coverage, high accuracy, practicality in volume assessment processes, and favorable cost-effectiveness. The present work uses the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to process satellite images, assess areas and volumes for the São Gonçalo reservoir, even generating a historical series to compare with the data provided by the Executive Agency for Water Management of the State of Paraíba (AESA).