Análise dos impactos causados na construção da Rodovia PB-033 na cidade de Rio Tinto-PB

Abstract

The construction of highways plays a fundamental role in economic development and the territorial integration of regions, especially in large countries like Brazil. The PB-033 highway, which connects Rio Tinto to Praia de Campina in Paraíba, exemplifies this relevance by facilitating the transportation of people and goods, as well as promoting local tourism. However, highway construction brings with it a series of significant environmental and social impacts, altering the socio-environmental system. In this context, this study aims to analyze the socio-environmental impacts caused by the construction of the PB-033 Highway from both a socioeconomic and environmental perspective, with the goal of understanding the consequences of this intervention and proposing mitigating measures. The highway, also known as Estrada do Peixe-Boi, crosses environmentally protected areas, such as the APA of Barra do Rio Mamanguape, making it essential to evaluate the effects on local fauna and flora, as well as on water resources. The analysis is based on the PEIR (Pressure-State-Impact-Response) methodology, which allows mapping the effects of construction on the environment and proposing solutions to mitigate damages. The research also uses data collected through questionnaires applied to the local population and professionals involved in the highway’s construction. The results show that, in addition to benefits like infrastructure improvement and increased tourism, the construction resulted in negative impacts, such as the removal of native vegetation, habitat fragmentation, and river sedimentation, affecting biodiversity and nearby communities. This study seeks not only to understand the direct and indirect impacts of the highway construction but also to provide support for the formulation of public policies that ensure more sustainable development, balancing economic gains with environmental protection and improving the quality of life of local populations. By proposing a matrix of socio-environmental impacts, the research aims to assist future highway projects