Construção e aplicação de um modelo de decisão para identificar a violência doméstica contra a mulher

Abstract

Domestic violence is characterized as a growing public health problem that generates major consequences, in addition to violating the human rights of women who find themselves in situations of violence. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to build a decision model to identify domestic violence against women in the city of João Pessoa-PB. This is an applied methodological research, population-based, cross-sectional and quantitative in nature, developed in 52 Basic Health Units. This study carried out the validation of a data collection instrument by expert judges and subsequent use of the model built to identify domestic violence during care for women in Basic Health Units in the city of João Pessoa. The sample definition occurred by accessibility, in a random manner and the following eligibility criteria were used: women over 18 years of age who sought care at the Basic Health Units of João Pessoa during the period from January to March 2023 and agreed to participate in the study. The sample consisted of 563 women. It is worth noting that ethical aspects were considered. For the analysis of quantitative data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, as well as a logistic regression model and the WoE binary classification model. In the results, it is highlighted that among the research participants, 240 women (42.6%) stated that they had been victims of domestic violence, with a predominance of the age group between 25 and 29 years old (17.5%), complete secondary education (38 .8%), mixed race (42.5%), cisgender woman (99.6%), heterosexual (93.8%), single (39.6%), with children (82.1%) and family income between 1 and 2 minimum wages (62.1%). The results of the logistic regression model showed evidence, at the 95% level, that the variables referring to the separated/divorced marital status and the presence of children were highlighted in relation to the occurrence of domestic violence. Furthermore, the model used demonstrated that the Violentometer variables with the greatest weight in identifying the occurrence of domestic violence were: ridiculing/offending, intimidating/threatening, disqualifying, humiliating in public, blackmailing, offensive jokes, jealousy, hurting, pushing, slapping , destroying personal property, slapping/tapping and threatening with objects. In view of the findings, the bottleneck of domestic violence against women becomes even more evident, a fact that requires stronger and more decisive decisionmaking and action by the intersectoral assistance network. Thus, the decision model created (VC Woman Alert) presents itself as a valuable resource for identifying the type of domestic violence that women are suffering, in addition to calculating their degree of vulnerability to this injury and providing care services to women who are victims of violence. Therefore, knowledge of the different manifestations of violence against women is fundamental to combating this problem, considering that domestic violence against women is preventable and that knowledge about its related factors is essential for coping and creation of relevant public policies.