Desafios do gerenciamento de resíduos do sistema de saúde brasileiro: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis presents a systematic review on the management of healthcare waste (HCW) in Brazil, highlighting the main difficulties observed in practice, despite the country having a consolidated legal and regulatory framework. The research was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 protocol and structured according to the PICo methodological strategy (Population, Interest, and Context), covering articles published between 2015 and 2025 in national and international scientific databases. After the screening process, 18 studies addressing different dimensions of HCW management were included. The results indicate that, although regulations such as ANVISA Resolution No. 222/2018 and CONAMA Resolution No. 358/2005 represent significant advances, relevant challenges persist: lack of adequate infrastructure, absence of Waste Management Plans in several facilities, failures in segregation, transportation, and final disposal, as well as insufficient staff training. It was also observed that good practices occur in a punctual and isolated manner, without promoting structural transformations capable of reducing regional inequalities. It is concluded that HCW management in Brazil faces challenges that go beyond regulation, requiring more effective public policies, continuous inspection, permanent education of professionals, and greater integration between the health and environmental sectors to consolidate safe and sustainable practices.