A influência da paisagem na disponibilidade de visitantes florais (Cucumis anguria L.): impacto nos polinizadores e na percepção dos produtores agrícolas

Abstract

Constant agricultural expansion demands more and more from natural environments and biodiversity. In this context, coupled with future trends in population growth and the number of hungry people in the world, concern about the availability and use of natural resources becomes key in global debates. One way to contribute to this scenario is the integration of agricultural landscapes and natural remnants, enhancing environments with greater landscape diversity – or less simplified ones. To do this, it is necessary to understand how landscape patterns influence the supply of natural resources, and how human beings act as a link between nature and the use of the benefits offered by it, through agriculture. The present research aims to evaluate the influence of the landscape on the provision of ecosystem services in the production of maxixe (Cucumis anguria L.) and on the environmental perception of farmers, based on a gradient of different distances to the nearest forest fragment and metrics of landscape, in order to analyze the supply of floral visitors, and the perception of local farmers. To achieve this, it was necessary to observe and evaluate the offers of floral visitors in maxixe production that directly contribute to agricultural practices. As well as carrying out semi-structured interviews to obtain the perception of local actors. It was revealed at the end of the research that the small distances from productive units to forest fragments had little variation in farmers' perception, although it was evident that the types of services perceived by interviewees varied within the categories of ecosystem services. The influence of the landscape on the dissimilarity of floral visitors to maxixe between the sampling points proved to be low for the visitor guild. Regarding the productivity of C. anguria, we noticed that the distance of the fragments in relation to the production site did not influence plant productivity. At the scales considered, areas with greater density and/or percentage of undergrowth and dependent monoculture are the most important agents at the scales considered.