Avaliação de variáveis sociodemográficas e de qualidade de vida de portadores de helmintíases intestinais em hospital de ensino

Abstract

Estimate the prevalence of intestinal helminthiases assists the process of decisions regarding the social and educative activities, the infection control and the health promotion. These infections presents associated comorbidities that may lead to function, social and emotional incapacities, affecting the individual quality of life considerably. Therefore, it is necessary, besides the prevalence evaluation of the factors associated with the infection, it is also needed the parasitises investigation regarding the impact on the general health of the individual. For this, generic instruments of heath assessment might be used, in order to evaluate the quality of life under the patient perspective, and also in consonance with the clinical and laboratorial exams. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and quality of life variables, in patients affected with intestinal helminthiases in the HUW-UFPB hospital. 69 samples were analyzed, of which 18.8% were positive for helminths, 69,2% of women and 30,8% of men, with age higher Between 31 and 50 years (38,5%), who were, in there majority (84,6%) from João Pessoa city. The most frequent parasites species founded were Schistosoma mansoni (30,8%), followed by Ascaris lumbricouides (23,1%) and Strogyloides stercoralis (23,1%), and the most part of the positive cases founded were composed by single parasitises (84,6%). From the positive cases, prevailed those people who did not know their education degree (38,5%), followed by illiteracy (23,1%), and there main part (46,2%), living with familiar income equal to a minimum salary in Brazil. In order to evaluate the variables of gender, income, education degree and family nucleus the chi-square test was applied. With the exam results it was possible to observed that there was statistical significance between the education degree, with p-value under 0,05. The test was applied to relate variables such as housing, zone, water supply, water treatment, basic sanitation and waste disposal, and it was analyzed that there was a significant statistic in the association of the variable water treatment and the result of the test (p<0,05). The most frequent comorbidities among the analysed population were abdominal cramps (23,1%), abdominal distension (15,4%), epigastric pain (15,4%) and flatulence (15,4%). Analysing the variables related to the questionnaire QV SF-36, it was observed that the domains fiscal aspects, general heath state and limitation by emotional aspects, have shown the smallest averages, being the most affected by the patients opinion, their average were 42,3; 45,7 and 41,0 respectively. Applying the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, we observed a difference between domains means for positive and negative cases, with statistical significance for functional capacity and mental health (p <0,05). Great part of the patients (46,2%) have reported that their actual health was almost the same compared to one year ago, followed by 38,5% who have reported a slightly worsening in their health condition. To conclude that the outcome achieved have pointed to a necessity of sanitary education investment which results in a decrease of the helminthiases prevalence and an improvement in life quality of the population.