Liminaridade territorial em terra indígena : um olhar sobre as aldeias litorâneas Potiguara

Abstract

Historically, despite political and administrative achievements, such as the recognition of their lands in the 1990s and 2000s, the Potiguara have experienced territorial conflicts of various kinds, from territories that have not yet been recognized to phenomena such as summer vacations. The center of the municipality of Baía da Traição, although not within the boundaries of the Indigenous Lands, is part of the Potiguara territoriality and is where a series of processes can be seen, such as summer vacations, which have emerged since the 1960s. This phenomenon has caused a series of dynamics that have had a negative impact on the territory and indigenous relations – such as real estate speculation – but also a positive impact, such as the integration of Potiguara culture into economic dynamics, even if seasonal, consequently generating liminal relationships. All of these processes are articulated with a complex network of agents that often have multifaceted functions. Given this scenario, this research aims to investigate the territorial liminality in the coastal villages of the Potiguara Indigenous Land and in the center during the summer, addressing the interactions between public authorities and indigenous communities. To this end, the research was based on a bibliographic and documentary review, anchored in several disciplinary fields, and investigates indigenous policies. It was also based on field research that combined on-site observations with interviews with several agents - indigenous and non-indigenous, in the classifications of vacationers, employees and leaders, entrepreneurs and residents. With this, it investigates the spatialization of these dynamics and relationships between agents using a multi-scale approach in the municipality of Baía da Traição. The research reveals that the Potiguara coastal villages have experienced significant changes due to the increase in summer tourism in the last decade. The economic benefits for the Potiguara community, such as employment opportunities and income generation, stand out. However, it also raises challenges, such as cultural mischaracterization, environmental impact and territorial conflicts that interfere with Potiguara territoriality. In short, the dissertation highlights the complexity of the relationships between summer tourism and Potiguara territoriality, emphasizing the importance of seeking a balance between economic development and cultural and environmental preservation.