Análise da efetividade da área de proteção ambiental estadual de Tambaba - PB

Abstract

The process of change in land use and land cover represents one of the main threats to nature conservation. Over time, human activities have intensely altered natural spaces, compromising biodiversity and ecosystems. To mitigate the socio-environmental impacts caused by these transformations, protected areas were created with the aim of preserving and conserving natural environments, ensuring the maintenance of essential resources for the ecological balance and well-being of local communities. However, in Brazil, several problems arise related to the creation, institution and management of these areas, reflecting in a poor management of the use of natural resources. In view of this, it is necessary to monitor Conservation Units (CUs) as an effective strategy for territorial planning, aiming at the conservation and maintenance of these areas. Considering this reality, this research proposes to identify whether the Tambaba APA, located in the south of the State of Paraíba, is fulfilling the role for which it was created, in view of its environmental importance. In view of this, the dynamics of land use and land cover over a period of seventeen years, between 2005 and 2022, were verified. In addition, the research evaluated the effectiveness of the management of the APA through the Management Analysis and Monitoring System (SAMGe) and examined the effectiveness of environmental zoning as an instrument of territorial planning. For the development of the work, bibliographic surveys were carried out on academic and institutional websites on the subject, consultation of the legislation that governs protected areas, especially APAs, as well as the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) with data from MapBiomas, and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Based on the results, it was found that the Tambaba APA has a strong anthropic influence, represented by agricultural activities. Although an increase in the presence of forest formations has been observed over time, this growth has occurred in a fragmented manner, indicating that the area has faced considerable anthropogenic pressures. As for the effectiveness of management, it was classified as moderate, with a rate of 40.18%, which demonstrates the need for more assertive actions to ensure compliance with conservation objectives. Regarding environmental zoning, the overlapping of land use and land cover revealed that, in some cases, there is disagreement between the activities carried out and the current legislation. In view of this, it is concluded that it is essential to adopt management strategies that reconcile environmental conservation with human needs, in order to achieve the objectives for which the UC was created.