Grafismos Potiguara da Paraíba : descolonizando saberes através do processo criativo na arte educação de Rio Tinto, Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Antônia Luna Lisboa

Abstract

The research was conducted at Escola Municipal Antônia Luna Lisboa, located in the urban area of the municipality of Rio Tinto, with elementary school students (final years). We recognize the creative process as complex knowledge, navigating through different fields of knowledge such as culture, colonization, and the reinterpretation of Potiguara graphics from Paraíba, as well as artistic practice. The main objective is to provide the creative process through the integration of Potiguara graphics from Paraíba into visual artistic experiments, with a focus on nature. In the research's development, we used Barbosa's (2012) triangular approach, mainly for understanding interculturality and the cultural diversity of Indigenous peoples. We identify images as a visual text that carries concepts that need to be critically questioned through a contextualized visual reading. Artistic practice seeks to decolonize the heterogeneous gaze on ethnicity, emphasizing the subjectivities of Potiguara graphics from Paraíba. Furthermore, it proposes a connection between these graphics, contemporary art, and nature, aiming to broaden students' perceptions. This approach encourages reflection on the Potiguara Indigenous peoples of the northern coast of Paraíba and the human being’s relationship as an integral part of nature, using art as a tool for constructing new narratives. We observed that many students do not recognize the Indigenous peoples of the Northeast region. In response, we sought to raise their awareness and problematize their superficial experiences with nature and the Potiguara people, who inhabit territories in the municipality of Rio Tinto. In this context, we highlight the disconnection of the students from the environment in which they live, encouraging a deeper reflection in this relationship. As a methodological path, we adopted a qualitative approach through action research, with a descriptive, experimental, and decolonial perspective. The meetings took place alongside art classes, during the students' regular school hours, as most participants live in rural areas. We faced the immediacy and concern for the final result, a characteristic of Western culture, placing emphasis instead on the process and experience, as proposed by Dewey (2019). To achieve this, we conducted visual experiments using various techniques, such as washes with India ink and annatto, collages, and installations. These creations emerged from the dialogue between materials collected from nature, Potiguara graphics from Paraíba, and art in connection with the environment. Given this information, I aim to answer the proposed question: How can Potiguara graphics and the contemporary art of Franz Krajcberg be used as poetic material for experiences related to Potiguara identity and nature?The conclusion of this study, therefore, highlights the social, political, and identity- related relevance of the research, emphasizing the need to deconstruct stereotypes associated with the Potiguara people, their art, and the human relationship as an integral part of nature. Keywords: Potiguara for Paraíba. Franz Krajcberg. Creative Pro