A evolução do trabalho remoto potencial no Brasil

Abstract

With the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, there was a need for social distancing due to health concerns. In the labor sector, to mitigate the impacts caused by the pandemic, many workers began to perform their activities remotely. In the United States, research from the Occupational Information Network (ONET) was used to classify activities that could be performed remotely. It was observed that women had a higher occupation in activities compatible with remote work and, in most cases, had the highest incomes. Later, the studies were expanded to other developed countries and their methodology was followed by several researchers, finding similar results. When applying the methodology in developing countries, it was noticed that aspects related to the worker should also be considered, not just the occupation. In Brazil, ONET data was translated and compared with data from the PNADCA (Continuous National Household Sample Survey), which classifies occupations according to the COD (Classification of Occupations for Household Surveys). Due to structural differences between countries, an infrastructure filter was applied to the worker's living conditions (presence of electricity, at least one computer, and constant internet access available at home) to infer the potential for telework in the country. Based on this context, this work contributes to analyzing the evolution of potential work in the country and verifying its determinants. For this, a Heckman correction probit model was applied using PNADCA microdata from 2016, 2019, and 2022. The results found are consistent with the literature, confirming that workers most likely to engage in potential telework are women, white individuals, those with higher incomes, urban residents, and those with formal employment.