Arboviroses no contexto escolar: uma sequência didática investigativa por meio de metodologias ativas no ensino médio

Abstract

Arboviruses are diseases caused by viruses and transmitted by arthropods, mainly by hematophagous mosquitoes. The approach to arboviruses is essential, and is considered a public health problem. Therefore, the research work aimed to develop an Investigative Didactic Sequence using active methodologies on arboviruses, for the elaboration of a pedagogical resource. With this purpose, the research activities were carried out with students of the 2nd year of High School at the Cônego Luiz Gonzaga de Oliveira State School, regular modality, in Mangabeira I, João Pessoa, PB, in the school year of 2024. The interest in this topic arose from the observation that students, in the classroom, have difficulty learning the concepts related to arboviruses. It is believed that better clarifying what these diseases are and how to prevent them is crucial, since it is a public health problem. This is due to the lack of an attractive approach in high school textbooks, leading students to memorize and passively reproduce knowledge. This research work had a quantitative and qualitative nature, using the methodology of action research and bibliographic review. Data collection was done during the execution, with the application of questionnaires (initial and final), pictures, photos and bibliographic references. The teaching sequence consisted of eleven moments, which used active methodologies, with different investigative and collaborative stages. The teacher's varied use of strategies led students to develop certain skills, such as empathy, creativity and the development of attitudinal strategies. This experience encouraged students in terms of critical thinking. Of the activities carried out, the field trip in the Benjamin Maranhão Botanical Garden Park was the most accepted by students, because it was held in an environment outside the school, allowing interaction with the natural environment and demystifying beliefs about Aedes aegypti. This research work resulted in the development of a pedagogical instrument (didactic guide), a teaching resource that combines theory, contextualization and creativity about arboviruses.