Avaliação do comportamento alimentar e fatores em indivíduos com TEA na cidade de João Pessoa e região metropolitana

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by changes in neurological development, often accompanied by difficulties in communication, socialization, and eating behavior. This study aimed to analyze eating behavior and associated factors in individuals with ASD treated at the Integrated Support Center for Persons with Disabilities Foundation (FUNAD) in João Pessoa and the metropolitan region. This cross-sectional study involved 125 participants and used instruments covering sociodemographic and eating behavior aspects adapted from the Labyrinth Scale. The results showed that all individuals presented some degree of change in eating behavior, with those classified as moderate (55.2%), followed by mild (38.4%), with emphasis on the most frequent changes in food selectivity (74.4%) and rigid eating behaviors (88%), which include functional difficulties during meals such as inappropriate use of cutlery and table posture. These findings reinforce that motor, sensory, and family factors directly impact individuals' autonomy, nutritional status, and quality of life. It is concluded that dietary changes are central features of ASD, reinforcing the need for early, multidisciplinary intervention strategies aimed at promoting appropriate eating habits and social inclusion.