Relação do padrão de sono com estado nutricional em adultos

Abstract

Changes in sleep quality and duration, associated with changes in sleep time caused by social jet lag, which results from a mismatch between an individual's natural biological rhythm and social schedules, can contribute to circadian misalignment, metabolic health dysregulation, and increase the risk of obesity. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between sleep patterns and nutritional status in adults. This is a cross-sectional study involving adults aged 20 to 59, of both sexes, without continuous use of medications affecting sleep patterns, and women who were not pregnant or breastfeeding. Data collection was conducted through an online, self-administered questionnaire containing questions evaluating sociodemographic conditions, sleep quality and duration, wakefulness, the time of the last meal, physical activity, and nutritional status. For statistical analysis, the Jamovi Software was used, with a significance level of 5%. A total of 188 adults were evaluated. The median age was 25 years, with a majority of females (60.6%), students (48.9%), and physically active individuals (70.2%). Regarding nutritional status, 39.4% had excess weight. Most adults had an adequate average sleep duration (more than 7 hours of sleep), although they reported difficulties in the sleep/wake cycle. The majority had social jet lag of up to 1 hour (40.4%). Individuals with excess weight slept more on weekends compared to those without excess weight (p = 0.047). Additionally, there was a significant difference in sleep duration, midpoint of sleep, and the time of the last meal between weekdays and weekends, regardless of nutritional status. However, no significant correlation was found between sleep patterns, the time of the last meal, and nutritional status. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that, in the studied sample, most individuals with excess weight were older, with the highest prevalence among men. Moreover, sleep duration, sleep midpoint, and the last meal were higher on weekends than during the week, but they were not related to nutritional status. Furthermore, most individuals had a short social jet lag of up to 1 hour.