Aposentadoria dos servidores da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) após a reforma da previdência (EC n.o 103/2019): dúvidas, desafios e perspectivas

Abstract

This study analyzes the retirement of employees of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) in the context of Constitutional Amendment (EC) No. 103/2019, investigating how the normative changes impact the retirement planning of the institution's employees and the subjective experience of this transition. The study, of an applied nature, is characterized as a case study with a qualitative approach, combining bibliographic and documentary research and field data collection through a semi-structured electronic questionnaire applied to retired employees of the institution between November 13, 2019, and December 31, 2024. The bibliographic research encompassed books, articles, theses, and dissertations that discuss social security, specific regimes, retirement planning, and social policies under a neoliberal logic, while the documentary research incorporated the analysis of EC No. 103/2019, federal normative acts, and internal UFPB documents. The data were analyzed using Bardin's Content Analysis technique. The results indicated that the experience of civil servants who retired under the context of Constitutional Amendment No. 103/2019 was marked by feelings of loss, insecurity, and frustration, mainly associated with the postponement of retirement, the increase in the minimum age, changes in the calculation of benefits, and the financial impact of the transition rules. At the same time, perceptions emerged that retirement, although weakened in terms of rights, can be redefined as a stage for reorganizing life and new projects, provided it is accompanied by adequate planning. It was also found that the absence of institutional retirement preparation programs exacerbates the difficulties experienced by participants, reinforcing the transfer of the pension burden to the individual. It is concluded that the reform consolidated a process of individual responsibility in social security, aligned with neoliberal logic, and produced objective and subjective effects on civil servants, demanding institutional responses. In this sense, the research proposes as a technical product the development of a Retirement Planning module to integrate a future retirement preparation program at UFPB, aimed at supporting employees in adapting to new regulatory requirements and facing the uncertainties caused by the changes.