Competência crítica em informação no contexto dos povos originários brasileiros: das críticas literárias decoloniais aos mecanismos contracoloniais

Abstract

The struggle and resistance of indigenous peoples to guarantee their rights constitute a long historical trajectory in Brazil, marked by continuous confrontations in the face of centuries of colonization, territorial expropriation, epistemic silencing and multiple forms of violence. By resisting, these people ensure their physical and cultural survival and put tension on the structures inherited from colonial modernity, contributing to the construction of a more just, plural and epistemically diverse society. In this scenario of disputes in the social, political and symbolic field, information literacy presents itself as a theoretical and practical horizon capable of problematizing the colonial legacies inscribed in the structures of power, being and knowledge, promoting the formation of critical subjects in the face of the dynamics of information domination. In this context, this work aims to analyze indigenous components that highlight the conformation of elements in the macroprocess of critical information literacy of Brazilian original peoples, within the horizon of countercoloniality. The research is characterized as descriptive, with a qualitative approach, aimed at identifying and describing elements mobilized through this competence as a form of decolonial and countercolonial resistance, expressed in informational practices and indigenous literary narratives. Operationalized through documentary and bibliographical research, with surveys and content analyzes of productions by indigenous authors, the research enabled the categorization and interpretation of recurring elements that highlight decolonial and countercolonial dynamics and shape critical information literacy. The results demonstrate that the elements of this competence present in this literature operate as informational strategies and instruments of social emancipation, by reaffirming collective memories, territorialities, ancestries and cosmologies historically silenced by the colonial project. The results highlight, firstly, the informational practices that mobilize critical information literacy and tension hegemonic epistemologies via critical decolonial and countercolonial perspectives. Furthermore, they characterize elements that shape this competence through actors, artifacts, devices and actions of indigenous information, which support these resistance practices as strategies for emancipation and reaffirmation of their own epistemologies. And, finally, they systematize these findings in proposing a theoretical-methodological model aimed at indigenous contexts. From these results, it was found that critical competence in information goes beyond the technical dimension and assumes a political, ethical and epistemic character, linked to the defense of life, territory and ways of existing of these people, configuring itself as a formative macroprocess that can tension the coloniality of power, knowledge and being, strengthening processes of self-representation and consolidating informational autonomy as a horizon of transformation and countercoloniality. It is considered that, when articulated with countercolonial perspectives, this competence broadens its political, epistemic and transformative character, enabling the expansion of debate in the field of Information Science and related areas, encouraging new research focused on the context of Brazilian original peoples.