EFICIÊNCIA DE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS NA QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA E FISIOLÓGICA EM SEMENTES DE FAVA (Phaseolus lunatus L.)

Abstract

The Phaseolus lunatus L., species, popularly known as fava is one of the alternative sources of income and food for the people of Northeastern Brazil. However, studies on the diagnosis in bean seeds is extremely important, because in addition to the presence of host pathogen can also prevent various diseases and the spread in production. This study evaluated the effectiveness of essential oils of copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.), Clove India (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in reducing the incidence of fungi associated with seeds P. lunatus and its interference in the physiological quality. The work was conducted in Phytopathology Laboratory of the Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, belonging to UFPB. It was used 200 bean seed of the variety 'Ear Grandma' for treatment. The seeds were subjected to disinfection in C2H6O 70% for 30 seconds, NaClO 1% for three minutes and double washing in ADE, being soaked in treatments containing essential oils of C. langsdorffii, C. aromaticus and O. basilicum at doses of 0; 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0 mL·L-1 and dicarboximide. The seed health test was performed in plant pathology lab. And the evaluation of the physiological quality was made in a greenhouse with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment sown in plastic trays 47x27x8 cm in diameter, containing sterile washed sand, distributed at random, for a period of nine days. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3x5 (oils and concentrations) simple, and the adjusted regression model, and the averages compared by Scott-Knott test (p <0.005) in the statistical program ASSISTAT® beta version 7.7. A reduction in the incidence for Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. When used if copaiba oil and basil from the concentration of 1.0 mL·L-1. For germination to first count and average scores of 78 and 100%, seedling emerged. When we used the concentration of 1,0 and 2,0 mL·L-1 clove India and manjericção, there was reduced seedling emergence. And for the dry matter of the aerial part, root and total seedlings, there were no significant differences between treatments, resulting. There was a reduction in the incidence of fungi in all treatments with copaiba oil and basil. And the concentration of 2.0 mL·L-1 clove India and basil inhibited the emergence and vigor of bean seeds.