Utopía del sur: o debate sobre a classificação das atividades econômicas verdes entre 2011 e 2024 à luz de uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the debate on the classification of green economic activities between 2011 and 2024, through a mixed systematic literature review combining bibliometric and content analysis, conducted using the Scopus database according to the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion flow model widely adopted in systematic reviews. The research departs from the problem that the lack of theoretical and classificatory consensus on what constitutes a "green" activity opens space for multiple interpretations and strategic uses, particularly in peripheral countries. Grounded in Celso Furtado's theory of underdevelopment, in dialogue with categories from Marxist ecology, the study proposes that green taxonomies reproduce, in the environmental field, the same logic of mimicry and asymmetric appropriation of surplus that has historically characterized the center-periphery relationship. Based on a final corpus of twelve articles published in high-impact peer-reviewed journals, the results show that over 88% of the authors' institutional affiliations are concentrated in European countries, that the "European Regulatory Standard" cluster occupies a central position in the keyword co-occurrence network, and that institutionalist and market-efficiency schools of thought predominate over critical and socioecological approaches, evidence that corroborates the European Union's position as a global standard setter, despite its limited alignment with the productive, social, and ecological specificities of the Global South. The study concludes that current taxonomies function more as capital measurement, reporting, and verification instruments than as compasses for socio-environmental justice, and that overcoming this mimetic logic requires the construction of comparatively dynamic taxonomies, adjusted to local biomes and productive structures, as suggested by the still-isolated experience of Colombia's Green Taxonomy and the ongoing consolidation of the Brazilian Sustainable Taxonomy.