Intervenções utilizadas pela terapia ocupacional no tratamento de pessoas amputadas com membro fantasma: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: The phantom limb phenomenon is defined as the experience of having an absent organ responsible for generating sensations or pain, giving the perception that it is present. This condition involves physical, social and psychological changes. Thus, the amputee needs multidisciplinary follow-up that includes occupational therapists. Therefore, this search aims to investigate the intervention strategies used by Occupational Therapy in the treatment of amputees with phantom limbs. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review. The bibliographic searches were carried out in the following databases: EMBASE and SCOPUS. To expand the selection of references, the search was extended to materials indexed in Google Scholar. Results: The final sample consisted of 54 works, published between 2012 and 2022, and of these, only four works were also carried out by occupational therapists. The country that most carried out studies on the subject of amputees with phantom limbs was the United States (25,9%). However, Brazil has not carried out any intervention studies in the area. Discussion: The interventions carried out by Occupational Therapy were: Stump covering (Farabloc); Prosthesis glove with sensory feedback; Graded motor images associated with Mental Image and Mirror Therapy; and Acupuncture. Conclusion: During the data analysis, it was possible to perceive the disparity of the research focuses, between those that involve and those that do not involve occupational therapists, since, in Occupational Therapy research, interventions go beyond the ideal of relieving or eliminating pain, also aiming to improve functional capacity, occupational performance and quality of life.