A Terapia Ocupacional na atuação dos distúrbios do sono em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Sleep is a fundamental occupation for active participation in daily activities and is essential for healthy development. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often face sleep disorders, impacting not only their family dynamics and occupational performance, but also their behavioral and emotional development. In view of this, this paper aims to present the role of occupational therapy in sleep disorders in children with ASD. The methodology includes a narrative literature review, using the descriptors "Occupational Therapy", "sleep" and "Autism", in Portuguese, English and Spanish, using the PubMed platforms, the VHL Regional Portal, and specific Occupational Therapy journals. The period covered was from January 2003 to August 2023, resulting in 47 articles, of which three were considered relevant. The results of the review offer important reflections on the compromises of children with ASD who have sleep disorders, going beyond physical impacts to encompass behavioral aspects and family dynamics. Strategies such as the development of consistent routines and environments conducive to sleep are highlighted, with an emphasis on a personalized and adaptive approach, recognizing the heterogeneity of ASD. The importance of delving deeper into the underlying mechanisms of sleep disorders is noted, seeking more specific and effective interventions. In conclusion, this review contributes to the understanding of sleep disorders in children with ASD, providing a basis for clinical practice and emphasizing the importance of additional research for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches.