Caracterização de crianças assistidas em um serviço de referência em fissuras labiopalatinas

Abstract

Objective: To outline the epidemiological profile of individuals with cleft lip and palate treated at a reference service, describing demographic characteristics, types of clefts, and associated conditions to support public policies and multidisciplinary care. Methods: A descriptive observational study, approved by the ethics committee (CEP/HULW/UFPB No. 5733), analyzed 30 medical records of patients treated between 2019-2023. Collected data included demographic profile, gestational history (medication use, folic acid intake, complications), cleft classification (pre-foramen, post-foramen, transforamen), and associated comorbidities. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel and R® (v.4.3.1). Results: Male predominance (56.67%) and transforamen clefts (50%) were observed. Family history was present in 43.33% of cases; 40% of pregnant women used medications (antihypertensives, insulin). Folic acid intake was recorded in 70%, but 10% reported licit/illicit drug use. Gestational complications (36.67%) included hypertension and diabetes. Conditions associated with clefts (30%) encompassed syndromes (Patau, Wolf-Hirschhorn), malformations, and infections. Parental consanguinity was reported in 10%. Limitations included incomplete data for variables such as drug use (16.67% unrecorded). Conclusion: The results reinforce the multifactorial nature of cleft lip and palate, influenced by genetic (family history), gestational (medication use, complications), and environmental factors. The high prevalence of transforamen clefts and comorbidities necessitates an interdisciplinary approach. Despite folic acid adherence, gaps in records highlight the need for improved documentation. The study provides insights for targeted preventive and therapeutic actions, especially in regions lacking epidemiological data.