O fetichismo do conhecimento como ideologia da supremacia tecnológica incidências do pensamento pós-moderno sobre as políticas de educação no contexto da reestruturação produtiva brasileira

Abstract

The end of the XIX century was marked by profound changes in the materiality of the capitalism and in the deepening of its contradictions. Such changes began as a result of the exhaustion of the sociability founded in the Taylorist-Fordist pattern, and of the emergency for a new accumulation regime. This new regime, should be flexible and permeated by the complex of a productive restructuring process and by a new organization model of work, lined with the Toyotist production, which came to redefine the requirements for the workers in respect to the professional qualification. These demands were amplified into a scenario which has as its differential exploration potential, the enhancement of the mechanization as a result of the last Technological Revolution. Such a scenario unveils a new cultural wave so-called postmodernism. The postmodernism is oriented by a pseudo-criticality which searches to palm these contradictions and to mythicize the reality, by anchoring itself in the idea of a new time. The set of these postmodern formulations, is featured by the skepticism and by the incredulity about the future, moreover, by the loss of historical meaning, more specifically the loss of the modernity and of its ideas about rationality, in special to the Marxist critical dialectic. This work searched to problematize the expression “knowledge society”, and the extremely polissemic postmodern orientation ideology whose main substantiation is the immateriality of the work in an apparent context of super imminent technology. This is a expression which is commonly used to suppose that we are living a phase of full democratization of the information and of the universalization of knowledge, which brings to the worker the challenge of being conversant with the new technologies. The worker also needs to be higher qualified and able to guarantee its own “employability”. The objective of this work was to verify the implications and the mismatching of such presuppositions to the Brazilian reality in the context of the productive restructuring process. For this, we executed a theoretical work, by establishing a dialogue between the critical thinkers with the apologists of this ideology, and we used some documents from the World Bank and from the UNESCO, which were fundamental to the propagation of the ideology in Brazil. Such dialogue and documents were the empirical base for our research. We adopted the critical orientation and the historical dialectical materialism as the theoretical methodology for our work, and we used the categorical bases of Marx to analyse the fundamental and the assumptions of the “knowledge society”. We started which the hypothesis that the “knowledge society” is a ideology of postmodern orientation, which tries to redefine the societies, by taking as its bases the experiences of economically developed countries, in order to establish consensus around the domination projects, as well as the hegemony of such countries. We confirm such a hypothesis and concluded that the Brazilian society cannot be understood as a “knowledge society”, once our productive restructuring process was much more marked by precariousness and by the outsourcing of the labor then by the implementation of technologies into it. Besides, we verified that the influence of this ideology inside to country reverberated in the negative incidence for the materiality and for the subjectivity of the labor class.