Transtorno motor de fala e Trissomia do 21: análise da diadococinesia

Abstract

Objective: To characterize the performance of subjects with Trisomy 21 with and without Motor Speech Disorder (MFD) in diadochokinesia tests. Method: This is a qualitative and quantitative, cross-sectional and field study. It was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, with opinion number 5,127,264. It was carried out at the Clinic-School of Speech Therapy at the Federal University of Paraíba, located in the city of João Pessoa-PB. The population of this study consisted of a sample of 11 subjects with T21, from 5 years old, in two groups: Subjects with T21 with Motor Speech Disorder and subjects with T21 without Motor Speech Disorder. The volunteers were submitted to a clinical speech-language evaluation through the Analysis of Motor Speech Assessment, using the diadochokinesia session, to later characterize the performance of subjects with Trisomy 21 with and without Motor Speech Disorder, in diadochokinesia tests. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were performed for all variables. For qualitative variables, absolute and percentage frequencies were presented. For the quantitative variables, measures of position and dispersion were presented. Results: In this study, diadochokinesia tests were performed in repetitions of /pa/, /ta/, /ka/ and /pataka/, at low, normal and high speed. Regarding the diagnosis, 64% had a diagnosis of Motor Speech Disorder (MFD) and 36% did not have MPD. All subjects without MPT showed adequate results in all repetitions and speeds, with the exception of one specific case, which was addressed in the discussion. Meanwhile, in repetitions of /pa/, /ta/ and /ka/ and /pataka/, by increasing the complexity of the articulation point and the speed, the subjects with MPT started showing a higher rate of changes present. In repeats of /pataka/ all subjects with TMF had alterations present. Conclusion: Subjects with Trisomy 21 (T21) and Motor Speech Disorder had lower performance in diadochokinesia tests in relation to subjects with T21 without Motor Speech Disorder, and had greater difficulty and presence of alterations, which is a possible factor for differentiate subjects with and without MPT.