Microbiota intestinal e obesidade: uma análise da influência da microbiota no metabolismo e ganho de peso

Abstract

Obesity affects over 1 billion people worldwide, being classified by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) as a global epidemic. Among the various factors responsible for this alarming scenario, appetite dysregulation stands out as one of the main contributors, as it has a direct influence on individuals' food choices. Recent studies indicate that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in appetite regulation, mediated by the signaling of gut hormones that are capable of reducing hunger sensations. Furthermore, supplementation with prebiotics has shown potential in stimulating the production of anorexigenic peptides and incretins such as PYY and GLP-1, which help control food intake. Given this, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota and its influence on weight control in individuals with obesity. For the analysis, data were collected from the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases between November 2024 and January 2025, using the descriptors "weight gain," "weight loss," "gut microbiota," "Gastrointestinal Microbiome," and "obesity" with the Boolean operator "AND". Seven randomized clinical trials were selected, using the PRISMA protocol, and evaluated which investigated interventions capable of modifying the gut microbiota and, as a consequence, impacting weight loss.. Among these interventions, the administration of prebiotics, protein consumption, the use of probiotic strains, vegan diets, and microbiota transplantation stand out. The effectiveness of each of these approaches was analyzed throughout this study. Several strategies proved effective in modulating the gut microbiota, resulting in the signaling of hormones responsible for appetite regulation. These approaches led to improvements in metabolic and anthropometric parameters, showing promise in the treatment of obesity.