O programa de educação pelo trabalho para a saúde e a indução de mudanças na formação e no trabalho em saúde por meio da interprofissionalidade: estudo de caso na UFPB

Abstract

Interprofessional education is a strategy that improves the production of care by proposing that two or more professions learn together, through dialogue and interaction with each other, about each other, and among themselves, enabling effective collaboration and improved health outcomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the contributions of the Education through Work for Health Program (PET-Saúde) to inducing changes in health education at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) and in health work through interprofessionalism. This was a single case study, of an exploratoryinterpretative type, with a quantitative-qualitative approach and a comprehensive character. The research was divided into two stages. In Stage 1, documentary analyses of the UFPB/2008-2023 PET-Saúde Projects and the Lattes Curricula of the coordinators and tutors of the UFPB/2008-2023 PET-Saúde Projects were carried out. In Stage 2, an analysis was conducted of the perceptions of graduates, preceptors, and tutors/coordinators participating in the PET-Saúde/UFPB/2008-2023 program. In the analysis of the PET-Saúde/UFPB/2008-2023 projects, data collection was carried out using a single Analysis Matrix for all projects, and the data were interpreted using Content Analysis, considering the Teaching-Service-Community Integration in the development of interprofessional competencies and practices. In the analysis of the Lattes Curricula, data were collected through a systematic search, followed by statistical and descriptive analysis of the curricula of the coordinators and tutors of the PET-Saúde/UFPB (2008- 2023), characterizing the academic production in relation to interprofessionality and Interprofessional Collaborative Practices (PCI). In the analysis of the participants' perceptions, data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews. Thirtytwo subjects (graduates, preceptors, and tutors/coordinators) who participated in the editions of the PET-Saúde/UFPB program, within the time frame of 2008-2023, took part. The data were interpreted from a comprehensive perspective of Hermeneutics-Dialectics, seeking to understand interprofessionality in the development of interprofessional identity, in training, and in work in health. The results revealed that the PET-Saúde/UFPB Projects encouraged work-based learning through interaction between different training/professions, with a proposal for intersectoral communication. Community participation was encouraged; however, the methods of this collaboration were not explained. The analysis of the Lattes Curricula described several academic productions (articles, book chapters, abstracts) with characteristics associated with interprofessionalism in health training and care. Participants reported shifts from predominantly single-profession identities to an interprofessional identity. This movement became more explicit when the theme was incorporated into government agendas and PET-Saúde, at the national level, began to include IPE in its proposals. The sustainability of IPE requires effective curricular integration, committed institutional leadership, and coordination between academic management and the needs of the health system. Finally, the results of this thesis contribute to the strengthening of health education and health care.