Uso de derivados da cannabis sativa em pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista na Paraíba : itinerários terapêuticos, barreiras de acesso e experiências de cuidado

Abstract

The search for healthcare by families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) constitutes a complex process, often marked by structural and therapeutic barriers. Given the limited response to conventional pharmacological interventions, there has been, in recent years, an increase in the adoption of alternative therapies, including the use of Cannabis sativa derivatives. This study aimed to understand the therapeutic itinerary of families who use Cannabis-derived products in the management of ASD. This is an observational, descriptive study with a predominantly qualitative approach. The sample consisted of ten families, selected by convenience, whose caregivers participated in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, fully transcribed, and analyzed according to the principles of Grounded Theory. The results revealed complex therapeutic itineraries, characterized by delays in diagnosis, difficulties in accessing specialized professionals, and limitations in the availability of multidisciplinary therapies. Caregiver burden emerged as a central element in the families’ experiences. Resistance among medical professionals to prescribing Cannabis-derived products was identified as one of the main barriers to access. In contrast, access to these products occurred predominantly through cultivation associations. Participants reported significant improvement in both core symptoms and comorbidities associated with ASD. These findings highlight the need to expand the debate on the regulation and incorporation of Cannabis-derived products within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), aiming to promote equitable and evidence-based access. Additionally, a technical-technological product was developed for the training of undergraduate medical students and medical residents at the Federal University of Paraíba, with the objective of improving scientific knowledge and reducing stigma associated with the therapeutic use of Cannabis. This Master’s thesis is part of the stricto sensu Graduate Program, Professional Master’s Degree in Family Health (PROFSAÚDE).