QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES CRIOULAS DE FAABACEAE

Abstract

Creole seeds have great importance for family farming, so ensuring that the farmer is producing and acquiring a good quality seed is critical to the success of the crop. In this study, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of Creole seeds of Phaseolus lunatus L. (Roxa, Orelha de Vó, Ceará, Manteiga, Olho de Cabra), Vigna unguiculata L. Walp (Macassar bean ) and Phaseolus vulgares L. (Preto and Carioca beans), from family farms in the municipalities of Alagoa Nova and Areia - PB. The work was carried out in the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, in a completely randomized experimental design. The tests and determinations carried out were as follows: purity, water content, percentage, first count and rate of seed germination and emergence of seedlings, as well as root length and dry mass of seedlings. For the germination test, the experimental design was a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 50 seeds and for the emergency test, a randomized block design with 4 replicates of 50 seeds per cultivar was used. Among the evaluated cultivars, the lowest degree of purity was observed for Macassar bean seeds, while the highest water content was observed in the seeds of the bean fava Cearense. In relation to the weight of one thousand seeds, the cultivars with greater and smaller weight were the fava bean Olho de Cabra and the bean cultivar Carioca, respectively. The germination percentage of the seeds of all evaluated cultivars was over 90%, except for the Olho de Cabra bean. Regarding the emergency tests, the Macassar bean excelled to the other cultivars in the tests of first count, percentage and index of emergency speed. The highest water content and seed weight were observed in the bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Cearense and Olho de Cabra cultivars, while the cultivars Manteiga and Cearense had a higher degree of purity. Olho bean seeds are of lower physiological quality, with lower percentages of germination and vigor levels of seeds. Macassar bean (Vigna unguiculata) seeds are of better quality.