O sistema São Benedito como proposta de produção agroecológica no semiárido brasileiro

Abstract

It is important to deploy a production system so that it faithfully represents the reality of a farmer living in Semiarid for the Action Research is more representative eliminating the effect of "greenhouse" which often leads to results that when placed in fields differ greatly, always less than observed and reported. Therefore, the objective was to create the Production System São Benedito from the use of spacing in double rows of palm and elephant ear Mexican consortia alternated with corn and sorghum. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda São Benedito, located in the District of Galante, Campina Grande-PB using 0.25 ha, from February 2011 to October 2012. It was done opening tracks less interference in order to maintain soil moisture and organic matter supply, which includes snowshoes were planted and cured forage cactus variety of elephant ear-Mexican Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill, derived from the city of Monteiro, Paraíba, spaced 2.5 mx 0.50 mx 0.50 m, totaling 12 double rows of palm ranging from 22.00 m to 88.00 m 'In the month of April 2011 was planted between the rows of palm, a single row of maize landraces obtained in the region with a spacing of 3.0 x 0.50 m. In May of 2011 when corn was "dolled up" the sorghum was planted to corn in laterally spacing of 2.50 mx 0.50 mx 0.50 m. The material obtained from Rocos drying was performed in full sun for three (03) days for processing into hay At 110 days after planting (DAP) was harvested corn cobs and Creole were weighed and sorted into large, medium, small and bad, and obtained the grain, cobs, straw palha.e a to get the weight of fresh and dry mass. At 190 DAP were measured the dimensions of length and width of shoots from each plant sampled. At 630 DAP, 03 were randomly selected plants within each row, excluding the borders, measuring the length and width with the aid of a tape measure, and their bats were counted, cut, collected, separated and classified into primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary and quinternárias and the rackets were harvested data length, width, perimeter, thickness, weight and area. All data were subjected to simple statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation) using the Excel Program resources to build and table frames. The achievements of hay production jigsaw pot were 75.80 kg / 0.25 ha or 303.20 kg /ha of dry matter and grain yield of maize in System São Beneditowas 1523 kg ha-1. For the area and searched for the conditions observed in sorghum production was 574.00 kg / 0.25 ha or 2296 kg / ha for a first cut. For palms the DAP 190 was obtained average number of racquets with dimensions 7.85 cm long and 19.57 cm wide by 14.95 to 630 DAP plant had an average height of 82.28 cm and a length average 92.64 cm proving its growth projection in a more horizontal than vertical, and the number of rackets / 19.35 cladodes was highlighting a larger number for the secondary, For length and breadth of the highest mean values were found to the rackets / tertiary cladodes (27.56 x 24.45 cm) followed by secondary (27.52 x 21.82 cm). It was observed that the largest perimeter measurements occurred for rackets / secondary cladodes (76.55 cm) followed by tertiary (74.18 cm) The average thickness of greater value found in racquet / cladodes primary (12.95 mm) the weight data of a plant presented values for 8531.52 g or 8.531 kg, and tertiary rackets had a larger area of 475.56 cm. Os results presented in terms of production palm, hay, notably maize, and even sorghum System São Benedito pointed this innovation as an interesting proposal for coexistence and production environment semiaridez. Other aspects such as soil conservation and absence of pests and diseases reinforce this proposition. This system innovates by replacing corn with sorghum with corn still present and for hay production through the interim Rocos and clean. Further innovation is the introduction of minimum tillage totally eliminating the use of fire and plowing and harrowing, and it is recommended that this system be replicated in other conditions semiaridez and greater participation of communities and real producers in order to become not unique, but one of many alternatives real purely academic and not coping with semiaridez.