Produção e caracterização físico-química de frutos da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ em função da adubação orgânica e mineral

Abstract

The guava is native to tropical regions of South America currently is widespread in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The fruit is of great importance not only for the high nutritional value, but also for the excellent acceptance in nature, the possibility of industrial use, plus the ability that plants have to grow under various conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of guava, Paluma cultivar, depending on the organic and mineral fertilizer. The work was conducted in the guava orchard with six years of implantation, belonging to the Department of Agriculture's Center for Humanities, Social and Agrarian Federal University of Paraiba, Campus III, Banana - PB. We used the following treatments: T1 = control, T2 = chemical fertilizer based on the result of the chemical analysis of the soil [1 kg of nitrogen (in installments over 5 times) + 89 g of phosphorus (single application) + 130 g Potassium (single application)], T3 = manure at the rate of 25 L / plant / year; T4 = chicken manure at the rate of 8 L / plant / year and T5 = MB4 (rock dust) + half of organic fertilization with manure corral. Each experimental unit consisted of two plants of guava, Paluma cultivar, spaced 6.0 x 5.0 m, totaling 333 plants ha-1. After 130 days of pruning, we evaluated the average weight of the peel, seeds, pulp and fruit, longitudinal and transverse diameter and its relation, flesh thickness, fruit firmness, fruit number per plant, production per plant and productivity; soluble solids pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, SST / ATT, reducing sugars and non-reducing, moisture and dry matter. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The application of mineral fertilizer provided increments on flesh thickness, number of fruits per plant, production and productivity of guava fruit. The organic fertilization higher levels of soluble solids, higher pH and higher acidity of guava fruit. The organic and mineral fertilizer did not influence the components: average weight of peel, seeds, pulp, fruits, longitudinal and transverse diameters, length / diameter ratio, vitamin C, SST / ATT, reducing sugars and non-reducing, moisture and dry the fruits of guava; powder rock MB4 had no effect fertilizer nocurto period.