Análise multitemporal e espacial do uso e ocupação do solo no município de Itaporanga-PB.

Abstract

The municipality of Itaporanga located in the interior of Paraíba and is inserted into thesemi-arid northeast, the municipality has a study area of approximately 467,73 km ².Biome predominant in this county is the caatinga hiperxerófila.The archaic techniques of soil preparation, such as deforestation and burning, are part of the history of colonization, since the region is under the influence of dry climate, with rainfall in short periods. Regarding the problem around the loss of native vegetation, this work uses satellite images CCD / CBERS 2 and CBERS 2B (the period of 2005 and 2008), SRTM data associated with data collected in the field to analyze the dynamics of vegetation and use and occupation of the relief provided in the municipality of Itaporanga. The research was based on the use of techniques of digital image processing and generation DTM of Itaporanga municipality, in order to generate thematic maps of vegetation cover classes and slope. The indiscriminate use of soil reveals changes in the use and occupation of land. Through information obtained from satellite images, thematic maps of vegetation and field work, one can observe the dynamics present in the study area, considering damaging effects of agricultural and livestock activities developed in the region. The results revealed a dynamics in vegetation cover, in order, in the period in question, which concentrated upon the impact study area. The resulting images reveal a diverse landscape, where the vegetation varies from arboreal-shrubby to shrubby vegetation. By means of analysis of data obtained through the vegetation classes and slope, there is growth in the study period class shrubby vegetation of type open. Is worth mentioning that the vegetation is a major factor for soil conservation. These results corroborate the need for proper management and monitoring of natural resources.