Estudos estruturais de fosfolipases A2 isoladas de peçonha de Bothrops Jararacussu e descrição de inibidores hábeis em tratamento de ofidismo.

Abstract

Brazil is the country with the highest rate of reported snakebites. The venomous snakes that occur in the country belong to the Viperidae and Elapidae families. Snakebites cause the release of pharmacologically active substances with local effects such as hemorrhage, oedema, necrosis, myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cytotoxicity, as well as systemic effects such as blood coagulation, spontaneous bleeding, renal and respiratory failure. Snake venoms are rich sources of proteins, peptides, organic and inorganic compounds. The phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) are the most abundant proteins in the snake venom of different genera and exhibit toxic and pharmacology effects of strong medical and scientific interest. The aim of this study was to characterize physic-chemically B-linear epitopes of three phospholipases A2 (BhtTX-I, BthTX-II and BthA-I) isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom recognized by the therapeutic horse anti-ophidic sera; in silico comparative analysis of the B-linear epitopes recognized by the sera that are present and / or absent in other PLA2s isolated from snake venoms; and describe molecules isolated from plant extracts that are able to inhibit the toxic and pharmacological effects of PLA2s. Parallel spot synthesis peptides experiments on cellulose membranes allowed identifying, by chemiluminescence, twelve PLA2s regions recognized by anti-ophidic sera (anti-bothropic and/or anti-crotalic). Comparative analyzes between PLA2s enabled to identify that some regions recognized by anti-ophidic sera are responsible for neurotoxic, anticoagulant and myotoxic activities performed by snakes. Therefore, this work enables interaction regions elucidate molecular serum-protein as well as assist in proposing new inhibitors.