Gestão escolar democrática: a participação dos conselhos escolares na rede municipal de Campina Grande (PB)

Abstract

The promulgation of the 1988 Constitution and later the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education No. 9394/96 , brought to school a new reality , because they establish the principle of democratic management for public school pointing the school board as the main instrument the democratic and participatory management . This study aims to analyze the role of school boards in schools of the Municipal Campina Grande and verify that your establishment contributes to the process of establishing a new paradigm model , based on democratic principles , providing opportunities to understand the conceptions and experiences of managers and directors about participation , democracy and democratic management in these schools . The methodological understood bibliographical studies , documentary and field research qualitative valuing the descriptive aspects and perceptions to focus on the particular element as a whole , seeking to understand the people involved in its context , adopting a historical- dialectical approach , since it allows the apprehension of reality in its multiple determinations . To collect and analyze the data , we applied the following techniques of qualitative research : participant observation , the application of semi-structured questionnaires and document analysis . The document analysis included consultation with legislation , national and local government and Minutes of Council meetings . The survey was conducted in five schools , which were applied thirty seven questionnaires with managers and directors who make up the school boards of those schools. The results point to a restricted membership only to administrative and financial functions and the predominance of a climate of ritualism and formalities , ie : council meets to ratify the decisions taken by the manager of the school. We realize that we still need to directly involve students , parents and staff in decisions , empower the Board and to promote greater interaction between them and the school community for an effective school management guided by democratic principles because we found that managers and monitoring of teachers , have more effective decisions and deliberations . Thus , although the Brazilian Constitution (1988 ) and the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education ( LDBEN 9.394/96 ) , recognize the principle of democratic management of public schools formalizing the School Board as an institutional channel for participation in society , the data point that this practice is still far from the routine of school in question , confirming in this way the postulate SAVIANI (1997 ) with respect to the distance that exists in educational matters , between the proclaimed goals ( the text of the law ) and real goals ( what happens in the " floor " of the school ).