A construção do informal: uma análise morfológica das favelas da cidade de João Pessoa

Abstract

This essay identifies, characterizes and classifies in an urban perspective, the slums of the city of João Pessoa, capital of Paraiba, through a diagnosis of the situation of these clusters. With the increase of people living in this kind of precarious settlement, it is necessary to establish accurate information that direct the public policies for urban improvement. Therefore, this work builds a historical overview of the process of formation and growth of the slums of the city, since the nineteenth century, and investigates how this phenomenon contributed to the expansion of the urban fabric of the city. The object of study is conceptualized according to the criteria for land ownership, urbanization, infrastructure and housing, and as defining characteristics, the illegality of land, the organizational setting, the absence of at least one of the basic public services and the precariousness of the dwellings. The method employed starts from the comparative analysis of textual elements (books, magazines, newspapers) and graphics (maps, plans, photographs), assuming that the slums are formed out of a logic, not being a natural product of the medium. The result of this exercise are forms under the name of each slum, its location, its area, the number of its dwellings and occupants, its time of life, its land tenure, the typology of its buildings, its existing infrastructure, its environmental condition and its zoning the land use. Finaliza com duas classificações gerais, levando em consideração a configuração geográfica e urbanística de cada favela, destacando aquelas localizadas em zona de preservação ambiental. Ends with two general classifications, taking into account the geographical e urban configuration of each slum, highlighting those located in the environmental preservation zone.