Processos de enfrentamento e repercussões psicossociais em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de histerectomia

Abstract

Hysterectomy is a gynecological surgery of uterus remotion and it consists, nowadays, on one of the most frequent female surgeries at the occidental world, affecting the woman's condition physical, social and emotional that, front to the events unchained stressors, makes use of coping strategies with the intention of adapting to the new situations and life context. Through the theoric referential of Coping, this study had the objective of investigating the coping constructions and psychosocial repercussions of hysterectomy surgery. The sample was made of 10 women, aging 44 years old, belonging to less favored social class, with diagnosis time varying from 5 months to 2 years. For the data collecting was used the Scale of Mode to Coping Problems (EMEP) and semi-structures interviews. This was a longitudinal, descriptive study in pré and powder-surgical. For data analysis was realized descriptive statistics, besides bivarying tests between scores of the EMEP and variables relating to the socialdemographic and clinical characterization oh the patients. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used at the quantitative analysis of data and the interviews were submitted to the Content Analysis form emergent categories. The statistic results concerning the EMEP indicated distinct media for the four factors of the scale, whose results showed that the most used coping method was the search for religious practicing/fanciful thinking, followed by problem focusing coping. The strategies focused on the search of social support and on emotion were related with less frequency. From the results if the interview at the pre-surgical time, it was observed the arisement of a fear of loss of feminity, feelings of fear, anxiety and insecurity, negative thoughts about the hospitalization, negative self-perception and great misinformation about the surgery. On the interviews at the 6 months after the post-surgical time it was observed the arisement of guilting and reliefing feelings, positive evaluation of the hospitalization, female identity preserved and some secondary gains with the surgery, more attention from family, start of self-care and improved self-esteem. The results show that the hysterectomy surgery is a stressor event that disturbs the feminity, mobilize fear feeling about the hospitalization and also affect family issues, with repercussion on emotional aspects of women. Such results show psychosocial issues and difficulties that affect these women on the pre-surgical time, causing a re-meaning of their lives, including questions related to sexuality and that could be attenuated with a work focused on the pre-surgical care, indicating the importance of the prevalence of communication as humanized attention.