A relação entre a percepção dos estilos parentais de socialização e o posicionamento moral de adolescentes

Abstract

Society expects family prepare their children to the social life, because family is the environment where the child learn to notice the social environment and the way of participating in it. Then, the parental stile which parents adopt in the upbringing of their children is important because allow the child to develop feelings of unfairness and responsibility. In this direction, the present dissertation aimed to verify the relation among the perception of the adolescents about the socialization styles of their parents and the feelings of unfairness and responsibility which they showed facing aggressive situations which involved victim and aggressors. In this perspective, two empiric studies were performed. In the Study 1, it was researched whether the participants would demonstrate some difficult in the comprehension of the semantic content of the survey s questionnaires. 56 students at the mean age of 14,52 years old participated of the study. They answered the Parental Styles Questionnaire (PSQ), the Aggressive Situations Questionnaire (ASQ), and sociodemographic questions. The results revealed the necessity of replace some expressions or words belonged to the PSQ for others which could be more understandable; and they suggested the relevance of reducing the ASQ. After the effectiveness of the respective adaptations and changes performed in the questionnaires, it was realized the Study 2, being performed the definitive research. In this step, 330 adolescents participated of the research, being 145 of the male sex (43,9%) and 185 of the female sex (56,1%), with ages varying from 12 to 18 years old (M=15,37), of public (38,5%) and private schools (61,5%) in the João Pessoa city, being 39,1 % in the elementary school and 60,9% in the high school. The analysis demonstrated it is possible to use the PSQ with adolescents from Paraíba, confirming the adequacy of the multifactorial model according to was theoretically expected. Results revealed that in the stories with aggressive situations, adolescents who had realized themselves raised by authoritative parents demonstrated more social and personal responsibility facing the victims of aggression, differently from what was observed in the authoritarian style, in which the adolescents who had realized themselves raised by authoritarian parents showed more feelings of prejudice related to victims. And those who had realized themselves raised in a permissive style, were the adolescents who demonstrated a more favorable posture to the aggression against the victim. Concerning the perception of unfairness, content analysis results highlighted that adolescents, in a general way, had seen the unfairness as a violation of the human rights. It was also considered that this perception was not free of biases; but, independently of the cognitive development level in which the subject was found, their position was no dissociated from their social relations, and from the social pertinence of the victim.