Família e proteção social nas instituições de acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes em João Pessoa-PB

Abstract

This study aims to understand how the host institutions actualize care policy and social protection particularly advocated by the ECA and PNAS, to ensure social protection and the right to family and community. Social protection linked to the National Social Policy (PNAS) aims to reduce and prevent the impacts of natural and social inequalities that make up the human development in all aspects of the individual and the family empowerment through actions and potentiation of the family and the community bonds. The methodological procedures used were based on the field research method, qualitative and quantitative interviews and an application form to the coordinators and technical staff working in five host institutions of high complexity of the municipality. Children and / or adolescents served are met, while for more than a social problem, heightened by the socioeconomic, psychological, educational, cultural policies and their families, from the societal change and the legacy of bitter social issue by the capitalist system. Among the reasons that lead children and adolescents in the process of separation from family and community are: abandonment by parents and / or guardians, domestic violence, involvement with drugs, the conflicts in the community where they live and begging. The statistics also indicate that the families of the accepted ones, 41% live with the absence of a spouse, 44% of the children and adolescents have lost their bond with their family, and 41% with where they lived. Concerning the work in the institution, the difficulties are present everyday. The most cited are closer to the families in the reintegration process, continuation and effectiveness of actions to strengthen family ties and community during the reception and after the service shutdown, the delay in the treatment referrals; disconnection between sectoral policies, which contributes to nonimplementation of networking. Institutions have few employees, some without qualification to hold the office, contracted with precarious work contracts, low wages and poor conditions of work. Besides the poor infrastructure, there is insufficient space for social and educational activities. Insufficient teaching materials, transportation, among others. With this set of adversities, it is committed the duty of the state to ensure the guarlantee of the rights enacted in the Child and Adolescent, especially the family and community.