Um estudo sobre a concentração espacial do emprego nos setores de confecções e couro-calçadista no nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

From two independent experiments, this thesis aimed to investigate the spatial concentration of employment of clothing and leather footwear and municipalities in the Brazilian Northeast sectors. To achieve this goal, broke the theoretical foundation of the New Economic Geography of the spatial concentration of productive activities generate benefits for local economic agents. The first trial, which is descriptive in nature, used the Spatial Analysis of Settlement for the identification and verification spatial evolution of clusters of two productive sectors between 1997 and 2012. The results suggest that the clothing industry has spatial concentration of productive clusters in the states of Pernambuco, Ceara and Rio Grande do Norte. The leather and footwear sector, in turn, is more concentrated in the states of Ceara and Bahia. Moreover, we perceive spatial spillover of clusters in the two sectors between the municipalities in the study period. The second essay, in turn, aimed to test from the marshallian externalities horizontal clustering of employment of micro, small and medium enterprises in the sectors for municipalities in the region between 2002 and 2012. For this, was used the spatial model proposed by Fingleton, Igliori and Moore (2005), which tests the explanatory variables of sectoral employment growth of micro, small and medium enterprises controlling estimates of supply and demand, isolating the effect of the initial intensity of the cluster, as well as possible effects of stage of congestion. The results suggest that there is a horizontal clustering in the clothing sector. Leather and footwear, on the other hand, seems to be no such clustering.