Mama África: os quilombos do sertão e as lutas das mulheres das comunidades negras de Catolé do Rocha – PB

Abstract

The struggle for territory and the access to public policies assume breadth and diversity with respect to the ethnic groups, fruit of the set of struggles of the social movements that claim their rights. Ethnic and racial discussion manifests itself through the organization and claim of ethnic territories by the demarcation of their traditional lands, like the black communities that claim their territories of "freedom", the quilombos. In this research we aim to analyze the process of struggle for the territory of the Black communities located in the interior of Paraiba, specifically in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha - PB, considering the legal and constitutional provisions that refer to these groups. As a theoretical-methodological contribution, authors such as Amado (1995), Albuquerque Jr (2015), Rodrigues (2001), Marques (2008), Galliza (1979), Arruti , Haesbaert (2004), Gonh (1997), among others. Field work was an indispensable tool for the development of the research, according to authors Brandão (2007), Queiroz (1991). The construction of this dissertation begins with the characterization of the geographic, social and political space of the communities located in the hinterland, then we systematically construct the trajectory of the four black communities surveyed: Pau de Leite, Sao Pedro dos Migueis, Lagoa Rasa and Curralinho / Jatobá . Therefore a debate was held on the implementation of public policies, human rights and the discussion of gender from the life of black women, elucidating their resistance, trajectories and histories. As a result of the investigations, it was possible to perceive that although the communities have the signs of historical quilombola occupation, such as the maintenance of customs, memory, culture and to have triggered legal instances, the paths taken to legalize the territory are tortuous and time consuming and often inefficient, always causing movements of political disarticulation in the communities.