Inter-relação periodontia e ortodontia: o tratamento ortodôntico no adulto com comprometimento periodontal. Revisão de literatura

Abstract

An integrated dental treatment is a real necessity in contemporary dentistry in order to restore or to sustain the function, as well as to reach a satisfactory esthetics (within the specificities and limitations of each case). Within this multidisciplinary treatment, the Periodontics has a fundamental role to be the direct responsible for the recovery and maintenance of the homeostasis of the supporting tissues of the teeth, a primary condition to enable the execution of the other specialties. Within this context, an adequate multidisciplinary planning including the orthodontics is a real necessity in order to allow the return of satisfactory functional and aesthetic results to the patient. Thus, the need for periodontal health monitoring and strict biofilm control in conjunction with orthodontic treatment in adult patients is real, especially in cases where periodontal disease is active, a situation in which orthodontic movement is should be avoided. This control should be even higher in patients with reduced periodontal support, caused by a previous periodontitis, where the orthodontic movement is currently not contraindicated, as long as periodontal disease is under control. This review aimed to show the interrelationship between periodontics and orthodontics, emphasizing orthodontic treatment in adult patients with periodontal impairment. In order to carry out this work, we searched databases such as: PubMED, SciELO, Google Academic, Capes and Cochrane, and abstracts were published from 1961 to 2017, both Portuguese and English, including literary classics. The present study concluded that orthodontic treatment is possible in patients with periodontal impairment, as long as there are no signs of active periodontal disease; a careful monitoring of the presence or absence of active periodontitis is not the only crucial keypoint for a successful treatment, as the orthodontist should also be cautious with the magnitude of the force applied during the treatment. Finally, the treatment should be well planned by the two specialties, as they must work together for the success of the therapy.