A mudança institucional nas operações de paz da década de 1990: o caso Somália

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze why there was a shift from peacekeeping operations in the 1990s - from maintenance to peace enforcement - using as a starting point the United Nations intervention in Somalia (1992-1995). Using the theoretical model of Thelen and Mahoney (2010) for institutional change, we intend to analyze the historical conjuncture and the establishment of the Somalia peace operation in the 1990s, identifying which fundamental variables influenced the modification of the traditional concept of peacekeeping used by the Security Council. The hypothesis is that the difficulties found in establishing the peace operation in Somalia have motivated a change in peacekeeping operations as a way of addressing the new needs that this crisis has presented. Thus, understanding the emergence of peace operations, the history of the Somali conflict and the actors involved, we will be able to examine how the institutional change for peace enforcement in the 1990s occurs and which are its implications.