Avaliação do conhecimento e estratégias metodológicas no âmbito das geo-helmintíases : estudo com base escolar

Abstract

The geo-helminthiases are among the most common infections worldwide and affect mainly poor people living in underdeveloped countries. School-age children have an important epidemiological role in the dissemination of geo-helminthiases and, thus, health education in science education is fundamental for the dissemination of information and awareness-raising for prevention. This work aimed to investigate the knowledge of 6th and 7th grade elementary school students about geohelminthiases and to evaluate the use of differentiated methodological strategies for better teaching-learning in health education. The research had qualitative-quantitative characteristics, with foundations of bibliographic research, ethnographic research, participant observation and action-research. The work was developed at the Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Lions Tambaú, in João Pessoa – PB, with 81 students of 6th and 7th grades of elementary school, with ages ranging from 10 to 14 years old. The students were clarified about the realization of the project and the Term of Assent was applied to the participants of the research. Three educational interventions were carried out on the diseases Ascaridiasis, Tricuríase and Ancylostomiasis and the data were collected from structured questionnaires. For the analysis of the data, the statistical program GraphPad Prism version 7.05 was used, performing the Wilcoxon test for paired samples and the EPI INFO version 7 program for the calculation of the frequency and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). It was observed that the data obtained were statistically significant (p <0.0001). The pre-test results revealed that the students knew little about these parasites. The overall mean of the pre-tests was: Ascariasis: 2.61 ± 2.16 (mean ± SD); Trichuriasis: 1.60 ± 1.67 (mean ± SD); Ancylostomiasis: 1,55 ± 1,68 (mean ± SD). With the application of the post-test 30 days after the last stage of each educational action, it was observed that from the interventions performed there was a significant increase in the grades: Ascariasis 8.66 ± 1.62 (mean ± SD); Trichuriasis: 8.61 ± 1.49 (mean ± SD); Ancylostomiasis: 9.02 ± 1.38 (mean ± SD). The students also assessed the activities developed and the majority gave maximum marks to how much they liked to participate and carry out the activities. It was possible to perceive that the students had interest and participated in the educational actions. It is concluded that the use of differentiated methodological resources in the health education process regarding the teaching of geo-helminthiases can stimulate students to meaningful learning, which is extremely important for the understanding and development of attitudes aimed at prevention of diseases.