Caracterização numérica e experimental de um coletor solar de placa plana

Abstract

This Master Thesis presents an analysis of the thermal behavior of two solar collectors of the flat type and solar water heating. Two sections were divided in this work: numerical and experimental. For the experimental trials, a solar heating system installed no UFPB Solar Energy Laboratory was adapted. A bench is composed of temperature sensors, solar radiation, direction and a metal structure that allows adjusting different inclinations and volumetric flow rates. An instrumentation platform was developed for the acquisition and monitoring of data through supervised software implemented in LabView. It has also developed a graphical interface that allows monitoring with a computer. Thus, we obtained the experimental results, with several characteristic curves of incident solar radiation, of the water temperature at the entrance and exit of the solar collectors. A simplified one-dimensional model adopted for the numerical simulation that was solved through the Finite Volume Method. Developed a programming language code for discretization and resolution of the equations of government of the mathematical modeling of the problem. The characterization of the solar collector with numerical simulation, through MATLAB software, obtained as temperature curves of its components, among which, glass, an absorber plate and working fluid. The results of the inlet and outlet temperature of the solar collector are obtained in the numerical simulation are validated with the experimental data. Through the results indicated in several thermal response curves of the components of the solar collector, to determine the thermal efficiency for each configuration of the collectors in the region of permanent regime. The simulated results of the thermal yields were validated with the experimental results. The effect of the addition of a plastic film is not a thermal yield of the flat solar collector, whose values indicate an increase of approximately 44%. An experimental test was performed on the absorber plate, seeking a temperature distribution along the surface.