Produção de energia elétrica via gaseificador/grupo gerador: estudo de um caso

Abstract

The biomass renewable source usually presents a good alternative for replacing the use of oil. The gasification process is used to extract chemical energy from biomass from controlled burning of solid material through partial oxidation at high temperatures (800° - 1100°C), resulting in gas fuel which may be used in internal combustion engines. In this work, a detailed study of the electric energy process by means of a 4 kWt gasifier and an 18 hp motor system connected to a 2 kW generator was performed. In this way, it was necessary to expand the washing and cooling system of poor gas, increase the engine compression rate and inject a mixer air/poor gas in admission. The gasifier with efficiency between 79 and 89% was tested with wood chips in cubic format of 2 cm edge, producing poor gas with a CO volumetric content between 12.39 and 14.38%, and resistance loads of 0.27 to 1.17 kW were applied to the generator. From the obtained results, it is noted that the system (gasifier/Otto engine/generator) efficiency increases with higher electric power generation, reaching 2.23% at maximum power, being the biomass consumption 10.5 kg/h.