O ensino de combinatória: uma análise de livros didáticos de matemática.

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze Combinatorial Analysis of teaching proposals present in textbooks of Mathematics of the 1960s and 2000, led to the current high school, considering the perspective of the context of that content. The focus of analysis was done both for the presentation of the contents about the exercises, proposed problems and activities. Our research was qualitative in nature, based on a literature search of Mathematics books, focusing on the concept of contextualization, as discussed by D'Ambrosio (2005), Vasconcelos (2015) and other authors. We take as a theoretical basis for discussion, yet, the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) for the final four years of elementary education (BRASIL, 1998, 1999) and the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio (PCNEM) (BRASIL, 2002), both to discuss the importance of the highlighted content to the formation of the student and to discuss the concept of contextualization. Given this focus of discussion, we conclude that, although the formal algebraic focus predominates in the works of the 1960s, there is in these books the proposition of some contextual issues, with various themes. Analyzed in the work of the 2000s, the approach of the contents is algebraically more informal and problems are more diverse in terms of contexts. We conclude, therefore, that there was the current structure of textbooks of Mathematics, comparing the texts of two decades highlighted in relation to the presentation of that content, taking as focus the context of Combinatorial Analysis of content.