Análise espacial a partir do uso de sistemas de informações geográficas para a conservação dos Recifes do Seixas – PB

Abstract

The study searched insert informations about the local Seixas’s environment reef – Paraíba, starting from the environmental characteristics that surround the area and the municipality that borders it, until characterization of the surface cover of the environment. Making a spatial analysis possible. To perform a zoning on the reef’s environment surface coverage aiming policies actions to preserve the marine environments. This environment covered by colonies of several families of algae, corals and other benthic groups, serving as habitats for wildlife, forming a diverse ecosystem with strong ecological interactions. For implementation of the objectives, it was determined using a methodology based on transects, which the data acquisition gives priority to non-destructive, this technique is presented in several protocols that seek to analyze marine environments. The methodology used to cover the environment was based on adaptation of monitoring protocols for reef environments, such as: Brazil’s Coral Reef Monitoring (MMA, 2010) (adapted from the Reef Check Program), the Rapid Assessment Protocol Atlantic and Gulf Reefs (AGRRA, 1997), and the Protocol for the Monitoring of Coastal Benthic Habitats (REBENTOS, 2015). The software used to make the maps was Arcgis 10.5, this software allows the data’s analysis in a more dynamic way, with support of satellite images that made possible a view of the environment. The technique used to produce the maps was the kernel density estimation method of the Arcgis software capable of showing areas with higher or lower density of genres identified in the reef environment. Some indexes were calculated to show in numbers the current surface of Seixas reef. We started from the wealth that was calculated using the Margalef index. The equitability was based on the Pielou index, to the area’s diversity was used the Shannon, finally the Simpson index was applied to reach the dominance values of the area. The research showed that the macrobentonic families presented a potential for environmental coverage for the year 2016 in the Seixas reef environment, along with that it correlated physical factors of environment as bathymetric curve and environmental granulometry to the reef coverage factors. This action corroborated in a first spatial analysis that has general reach of the environment, this analysis, becomes a base to be added to the several cited works seeking a proposal to preservation of the environment. Correlating the distribution of families identified in the reef, it was elaborated a propose of zoning, with priority on surface cover of macrobenthos (Families identified) on environment. The conclusions here presented, although preliminary, are in agreement with the practice of executing a project by the responsible agency that aims at the monitoring and preservation of these areas.