Avaliação antitumoral dos compostos mesoiônicos: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Mesoionic compounds are synthetic substances, heterocyclic betaines, composed by a heterocyclic ring of five atoms, with flat structures and whose alpha atom is in the same plane of the ring. These characteristics lead to interactions with DNA, proteins and diffusion through biological membranes. In order to perform this work, we searched for articles published in the period between January 1997 and April 2018 in the main databases (Pubmed, NCBI, SciELO, Science Direct, Google Academic and the Periodicals of CAPES), using the descriptors Compound, mesoionic , cancer, antitumor and activity. We found four articles reporting the antitumor activity of mesoionic compounds.The N-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-synenone (Syd1) compound showed in vitro antineoplastic activity in Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cell line and decreased tumor weight and volume, where the carcinosoma was transplanted. In addition, Syd1 also induced increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bax, p53 and caspase-3 proteins and reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, without hepatotoxic effect. Mesoionic compounds derived from 4-phenyl-5-(4-x-cinnamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine (MI-D) chloride where the x underwent substitutions with different radicals reduced, in vitro, the viability of human melanoma cells depending on concentration and time, and the cytotoxic activity was related to the inhibition of tumor cell adhesion. In another study using Ehrlich carcinoma and sarcoma 180 (S180), mice where treated and exhibit a significant reduction of tumor and ascitic volume. Therefore, mesoionic compounds are shown to be promising prototypes in the treatment of cancer.