O perfil dos jovens no mercado de trabalho: uma análise do fenônemo nem-nem a partir dos anos 2000

Abstract

The labor market has become increasingly competitive and makes it difficult for the most vulnerable segments to enter, as is the case with young people, due to the increase in the qualification requirements on the new entrants. The present research has as main objective to analyze the profile of the young people in the labor market in Brazil, with emphasis on those individuals who do not study and do not work, denominated as “NEET” generation. Studying this generation in even of the utmost importance, since the proportion that these youngsters have been gaining over the years is noticeable, requiring greater attention on the part of the public policies that work in the labor market and income, besides education and professional qualification. The research is classified as bibliographical, analytical and quantitative. Data collection was obtained from the IBGE, among youngsters aged 15 to 29 years, with emphasis on the variables: work, education and income. It was possible to understand that several factors can lead to the inactivity condition of these youngsters, and may be related to low schooling, family situation of low income and domicile, as well as cultural and historical aspects that marked social inequalities in the country. The analysis done by regions showed that the Northeast presented the highest results for the nem-nem generation. Regarding gender and age, it was observed that women presented higher data in relation to men, which is partly justified by remaining in the household chores and child care, although the -new males also recorded increasing indicators in the analyzed period. For those young people who are included in the labor force, the Southeast region presented the highest values and the North region the lowest values in this category. In relation to the youths who were out of the workforce, the major region was the North which presented the highest numbers for this modality, and the Southeast region, the smaller ones. For the segment that is outside the workforce, the highlight was the group of 18 to 24 years. The research also showed that individuals residing in rural areas tend to have the lowest levels of education, which interferes with the skilled insertion in the labor market. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was possible to show how the growth of the young people characterized in the “NEET” condition in Brazil is worrying, requiring an effective follow-up through public policies to improve the qualification conditions and insertion of this job. It is important for such policies to be able to ensure that these young people spend more time in quality vocational education and training in order to prepare them for an increasingly demanding and selective labor market.