Dividir a sociedade para derrubar o governo: método dos EUA para desestabilizar o governo chileno antes do golpe de 1973

Abstract

This research discusses the role of the polarization of Chilean politics and society, conjugated with extremism and mobilization as a specific method of destabilization by covert action, used by the USA (CIA) to create the conditions for the military coup that ended the government of Salvador Allende and democracy in Chile, on September 11, 1973, giving rise to an authoritarian government in the country. This research, with an emphasis on intelligence operations, is justified in the importance of studying a possible method to be identified throughout the CIA's worldwide operations, especially against Third World democracies, to penetrate the institutions and organizations of nations in order to subvert them to a coup d‘état, as a technique of intervention in the struggle between states. The study follows a qualitative approach, based on a literature review of a chosen case. The objectives involve understanding how covert actions can create conditions for the coup d'état, within a destabilizing process, using the elements of polarization, extremism and mobilization in conjunction. The research concludes that there was decisive action by the CIA to foster polarization, extremism and mobilization in Chilean politics and society through political parties, organizations, unions and the press. Being polarization, extremism and mobilization, instrumentalized as a method, in a systematic and coordinated manner, through the emptying of the political center and the confrontation of the middle class with the government, to create the conditions that led to the coup d'état on September 11, 1973.